presents

Some terminology

• Downstroke = typebars stand vertically in the front, the back, or the sides of the platen (the printing surface), and type on the top of the platen
• Full keyboard = separate keys for upper- and lower-case letters
• Grasshopper = typebars lie horizontally; they "hop" up, forward, and down onto the platen.
• Index = no keyboard. The typist indicates a letter on some sort of index, then performs a different operation in order to type. These were originally meant as cheap alternatives to key board machines, and survived in the 20th century as toys.
• Platen = the printing surface of the typewriter (usually a rubber-covered cylinder)
• Thrust action = a form of mechanism in which the typebar thrusts forward, horizontally, and hits the front of the platen
• Type cylinder = all letters are on an elongated cylinder
• Type shuttle = all letters are on a C-shaped shuttle
• Typebar = the type is on the end of a metal bar. Most well-known typewriters are typebar typewriters.
• Typewheel = all letters are on a wheel that spins in order to present the right letter to the platen. (No, IBM did not invent this!)
• Understroke = typebars hit the bottom of the platen; the platen must be lifted in order to see one's work! These machines were called "blind writers" by their detractors.

Collection List

1. Hammond 1 #10892 (USA, ca. 1889) -- Ideal-keyboard type-shuttle machine (read about my restoration of this machine here and read about Hammonds here)
2. Crandall New Model #3715 (USA, ca. 1889) -- curved two-bank non-QWERTY keyboard, type cylinder (read about Crandalls here)
3. Caligraph 3 #38924 (USA, 1890s) (read about Caligraphs here)
4. National (large-spacebar model) #1295 (USA, ca. 1890) -- understroke, three-bank, curved keyboard
5. Fitch (English) #3545 (England, 1891) -- downstroke from the back, three-bank non-QWERTY keyboard
6. Densmore, first model ("1a") #1501 (USA, 1891) -- understroke
7. Yost No. 4 #51801 (USA, 1895) -- full keyboard, understroke, ink pad inking (read about Yosts here)
8. Smith Premier No. 1 #33506 (USA, ca. 1895) -- full keyboard, understroke
9. Peerless #4034 (USA, ca. 1896) -- full-keyboard understroke
10. Williams No. 2 #10612 (USA, 1896) -- grasshopper (read about Williams here)
11. Granville Automatic #5795 (USA, 1896) -- thrust action
12. New Franklin #5509 (USA, 1896) -- downstroke from the front, curved keyboard (read about Franklins here)
13. Wellington No. 2 #5063 (USA, 1898) -- thrust action
14. Lambert No. 1 #1203 (USA, 1900) -- circular keyboard, single type element (read about Lamberts here)
15. Williams No. 4 #17114 (USA, 1900) -- grasshopper (read about Williams here)
16. Fay-Sho No. 4 #4817 (USA, ca. 1901) -- "bronze" understroke (actually copper plated) with neoclassical design
17. Blickensderfer No. 5 (USA, 1902) -- typewheel, Scientific Polish keyboard (read about this typewriter here)
18. Smith Premier No. 2 #77492 (USA, 1902) -- full keyboard, understroke
19. Pittsburg No. 10 #14766 (USA, circa 1902) -- successor to the Daugherty, the first frontstroke typewriter
20. Postal 5 #25892 (USA, 1904) -- typewheel
21. Monarch no. 2 #437 (USA, 1904) -- four-bank frontstroke, basket shift
22. Moya No. 2 #3324 (England, 1905) -- type cylinder
23. Sun Standard No. 2 #16044 (USA, ca. 1905) -- 3-bank frontstroke
24. Fox No. 3 #14731 (USA, ca. 1905) -- understroke (read about Foxes here)
25. Fox No. 23 #05819/31619 (USA, 1906) -- frontstroke (read about Foxes here)
26. L.C. Smith No. 2 #19901-2 (USA, 1907)
27. Blickensderfer No. 8 #130721 (USA, 1907)
28. Yetman Transmitting Typewriter, no serial number (USA, 1908) -- telegraphic typewriter (read about the Yetman here)
29. Salter 10 #15477 (England, 1908) -- downstroke from the front
30. Columbia Bar-Lock No. 14 #163655 (USA, 1910) -- full keyboard, downstroke from front
31. Blickensderfer 7 #148967 (USA, 1910) -- typewheel, Scientific keyboard (read about this typewriter here)
32. Emerson No. 3 #8367 (USA, ca. 1910) -- frontstroke, typebars swing in from the sides (read about Emersons here)
33. Harry A. Smith no. 6 #7447 (USA, ca. 1910) -- fronststroke, relabeled Victor
34. Harris Visible No. 4 #14936 (USA, 1911) -- three-bank frontstroke (read about the Harris on Will Davis' site)
35. Stenotype #14047 (USA, ca. 1912)
36. Royal No. 5 #113790-5 (USA, 1912)
37. Secor No. 2 #5380 (USA, ca. 1913)
38. Rapid No. 10 #35921 (USA, ca. 1913) -- name variant of the Fox 23
39. Ideal A4 #98442 (Germany, 1914) -- four-bank oblique frontstroke, carriage return lever on side
40. Oliver 9 #886730 (USA, 1915) -- U-shaped typebars, downstroke from the side (read about this machine here)
41. Simplex 1 Special (USA, 1915) -- toy index typewriter (read about Simplexes here)
42. Hammond Multiplex #AL212054 (USA, ca. 1915) -- 3-bank type-shuttle machine, green
43. Home Blickensderfer #170020 (USA, ca. 1915) -- typewheel, Scientific keyboard
44. Blickensderfer 9 #186280 (USA, 1916) -- typewheel, Scientific keyboard (read about this machine here)
45. Fox portable #2 #10017 (USA, ca. 1918) (read about Foxes here)
46. Molle No. 3 #2590 (USA, 1918) -- frontstroke, three-bank (read about this machine here)
47. Helios-Klimax #13660 (Germany, ca. 1919) -- two-bank, triple shift, typewheel, Spanish keyboard
48. Century 10 HV90146 (USA, July 1919) -- three-bank frontstroke
49. Victor No. 10 #54668 -- four-bank frontstroke
50. Imperial D Portable #60790 (base) / #60350 (keyboard) (England, ca. 1920)
51. Portex No. 5 #19417 (USA, ca. 1920) -- three-bank portable
52. Adji Såkå #2804 (Germany, ca. 1920) -- three-bank portable, name variant of the Meteor
53. Fox Sterling #S12688 (USA, ca. 1920) -- three-bank portable, Spanish keyboard (read about Foxes here)
54. Century 10 HX00038 (USA, May 1920)
55. Remington Portable #1 #NM10936 (USA, 1921) (read about this model here)
56. Remington Portable #1 #NM11229 (USA, 1921)-- black/gold paint (read about this model here)
57. Noiseless portable #92 (USA, 1921) -- three-bank frontstroke (read about this machine here)
58. Carmen #3175 (Germany, 1921) -- 3-bank
59. Unda #1322 (Austria, 1921) -- 3-bank
60. Corona No. 3 #584594 (USA, 1922) -- frontstroke; carriage folds down onto keyboard
61. Gourland #1533 (USA, ca. 1922) -- four-bank portable
62. Underwood Standard Portable Typewriter #40496 (USA, 1922) -- three-bank frontstroke
63. MW #11733 (Germany, 1920s) -- index machine
64. Mignon 4 #274295 (Germany, 1920s) -- index machine (read about this machine here)
65. Marx Dial toy typewriter (USA, 1920s) -- index
66. Hammond Folding Multiplex #F244370G2 (USA, 1923) -- 3 bank type-shuttle machine, keyboard folds up
67. Underwood Standard Portable Typewriter #82370 (USA, 1923) -- three-bank frontstroke
68. Simplex Practical Number 200 (USA, between 1924 and 1932) -- toy index typewriter (read about Simplexes here)
69. Monica No. 1 #825 (Germany, 1924)
70. Underwood No. 5 #2096819-5 (USA, 1925) -- four-bank frontstroke (read about this machine here)
71. Neya #31679 (Germany, 1925) -- three-bank portable
72. Stoewer Elite #E42713 (Germany, ca. 1925) -- three-bank portable, Czech/Hungarian keyboard, sold in Prague
73. Remington 92 #Z155356 (USA, 1920s) -- Hebrew version of the #12
74. Royal No. 10 # X-1019026 (USA, 1926)
75. Bing No. 2 (Germany, 1927) -- oblique frontstroke, portable or toy
76. Erika 5 #30074/30045 (Germany, 1927) -- frontstroke portable
77. Remington Portable No. 2 #ND79747 (USA, 1927) (read about this model here)
78. Rem-Blick #KX80608 (USA, 1928) -- typewheel (read about this machine here)
79. Oliver 11 #1016985 (USA, ca. 1928)
80. Underwood Portable #4B186920 (USA, 1928)
81. Remington Portable No. 3 #V134032 (USA, 1928) -- two-tone turquoise (read about this model here)
82. Underwood Portable #458501 (USA, 1929) -- Ukrainian keyboard
83. Underwood Standard Portable Typewriter #210944 (USA, 1929) -- three-bank frontstroke, green marble paint (read about this model here)
84. Merz Universal #58095 (Germany, ca. 1930) -- four-bank portable
85. Corona Special #JX657395 (USA, 1931) -- folding portable with gold highlights
86. Rheinmetall portable #30561 (Germany, 1931)
87. Torpedo portable #141322 (Germany, 1931) -- Cyrillic keyboard, exported (to Mongolia?) by Wostwag, a Soviet front company based in Berlin and Ulan Bator
88. Underwood Noiseless 77 #930677 (maroon) (USA, 1930s) (read about this model here)
89. Remington Noiseless Portable #N41852 (two-tone green) (USA, 1930s) (read about this model here)
90. Imperial Good Companion #AC273 (England, 1932)
91. Porto-Rite #SR10815 (USA, 1932)
92. Royal Signet #E9780 (USA, 1932) -- capitals-only portable (read about this model here)
93. Monarch Pioneer #S24372 (USA, August 1932) -- capitals-only portable, green
94. Remington Rand Model 1 #P49630 (USA, 1933) (read about this model here)
95. Remington Noiseless Junior #B10403 (USA, 1933) (read about this model here)
96. Remington Portable Model 5 (boxy) #V601539 (USA, 1934) (read about this model here)
97. Remington Junior #S256639 (Canada, 1930s) (read about this model here)
98. Remington Envoy (USA, 1930s) -- Portuguese keyboard (read about this model here) (read about this model here)
99. Barr Special #P16230 (USA, early 1930s) -- portable, black (read about the Barr on Will Davis' site)
100. Barr Universal #C2U658 (USA, early 1930s) -- portable, maroon
101. Burroughs #50A5748 (USA, 1933)
102. Remington 3B #C104412 (USA, 1935) (read about this model here)
103. Monarch #C60782 (USA, April 1935) -- name variant of the Remington Compact portable
104. Olivetti ICO (MP1) portable #20548 (Italy, 1935) -- black, German keyboard, sold in Vienna
105. Royal Junior #J52398 (USA, 1935) -- Greek keyboard
106. Remington 9 #F13383 (USA, February 1936) (read about this model here)
107. Tip Tip #5606 (Czechoslovakia, 1936) -- index
108. Remington Noiseless Portable Model Seven #H49561 (USA, Jan. 1937) -- my first typewriter (read about this model here)
109. Hermes Baby Featherweight #107389 (Switzerland, 1937)
110. Remington Victor S Portable #VV909435 (UK, ca. 1937) -- British version of the streamlined #5 portable (read about this model here)
111. Remington Noiseless 8 #E36907 (USA, October 1937) (read about this model here)
112. Rem Rand Pioneer #C109305 (USA, Oct. 1937) -- caps only
113. Remington Bantam #C153272 (USA, 1937) -- child's portable typewriter, caps only (read about this model here)
114. Mercedes Superba #85747 (Germany, 1937) -- portable
115. Patria #18062 (Switzerland, ca. 1937) -- portable
116. Varityper #409600-9 (USA, ca. 1937) -- type shuttle, electric
117. Corona Junior #1F 26843J (USA, 1937)
118. Barr #39213 (USA, late 1930s) -- portable
119. Groma #208701 (Germany, ca. 1938) -- four-bank portable, maroon
120. Corona Sterling #2A51871 (USA, 1938) -- streamlined, maroon
121. Olivetti ICO (MP1) portable #58541 (Italy, 1938) -- red
122. Continental #R257169 (Germany, 1938) -- four-bank portable
123. Adler Favorit 2 #579597 (Germany, 1938) -- thrust action portable
124. Monarch Pioneer #CA133500 (USA, August 1938) -- 3.5-row keyboard (read about this model here)
125. Remington Model 1 #PD173510 (USA, 1939) -- "noisy noiseless" portable (read about this model here)
126. Klein-Urania #182519 (Germany, 1939) -- maroon, Norwegian keyboard
127. Hermes 2000 #43664 (Switzerland, 1939) -- four-bank portable
128. U.S. Mirsa Ideal portable no. 5 #919426/5 (Germany, ca. 1939) -- Czech-keyboard name variant of the Erika no. 5
129. Monarch 101 (USA, ca. 1940) #A10076-- office-sized machine with noiseless portable mechanism, made by "American Writing Machine Co." (actually Remington) (read about this model here)
130. Olympia-Plana #16700 (Germany, 1940) -- bakelite body, Hungarian keyboard
131. Remington Streamliner #B110873 (USA, 1941) (read about this model here)
132. Regia Mixta #L-11040 (Spain, ca. 1948) -- portable
133. Voss #10271 (West Germany, 1949) -- red-and-black bakelite body, chrome paper table (read about the Voss on Will Davis' site)
134. Keaton Music Typewriter #2294 (USA, ca. 1950) -- downstroke, circular-keyboard music typewriter
135. Original Matous #CC 832 (Czechoslovakia, ca. 1950) -- portable
136. Voss #25942 (West Germany, 1951) -- red-and-black bakelite body with chrome accents
137. Rheinmetall #300796 (East Germany, 1952) -- portable
138. Express #306049 (West Germany, June 1953) -- rare portable with plastic body and segment
139. Rooy portable #27912 (France, 1953) -- ultraflat; American keyboard
140. Smith-Corona Silent #5S423913 (USA, 1953)
141. Groma Gromina #528909 (East Germany, ca. 1954) -- ultraflat, maroon
142. Gossen Tippa Pilot #136331 (West Germany, ca. 1955)
143. American Deluxe #1145938 (East Germany, ca. 1955) -- relabeled Optima Elite portable, green
144. Swissa Junior #136353 (Switzerland, ca. 1955) -- portable
145. Underwood De Luxe Quiet Tab portable #AA2639689 (USA, ca. 1955) -- green and gray
146. Underwood De Luxe Quiet Tab portable #AB2668636 (USA, ca. 1955) -- black and white
147. Patria #S21663 (Spain, ca. 1955) -- black portable
148. Groma Kolibri #559054 (East Germany, 1955) -- ultraslim portable, maroon
149. Groma Kolibri #568176 (East Germany, 1956) -- black
150. Groma Kolibri #599437 (East Germany, 1957) -- silver
151. MBM Mercury #ZP-80235 (Czechoslovakia, 1957) -- name variant of the Consul (read about the Consul on Will Davis' site)
152. Voss DeLuxe #135246 (West Germany, 1957) -- big portable, maroon
153. Rooy portable #61618 (France, 1958) -- ultraflat
154. Voss DeLuxe #158905 (West Germany, 1959) -- black
155. ABC #3-64682 (West Germany, ca. 1960) -- portable, orange
156. Princess 100 #109241 (West Germany, ca. 1960) -- portable, gray
157. Groma Humber #668875 (East Germany, 1961) -- rare export name variant of the Kolibri, ivory/green
158. Groma Kolibri #682069 (East Germany, 1961) -- ivory/red
159. Groma Kolibri #689903 (East Germany, 1961) -- ivory/blue
160. Groma Kolibri Luxus #A18172 (East Germany, ca. 1962) -- ivory/tan
161. AMC #316757 (West Germany, ca. 1962) -- name variant of the Alpina
162. Voss Privat #223959 (West Germany, 1963) -- sold at the factory to an American, QWERTY keyboard with script type
163. AMC #437765 (France, 1963) -- export name variant of the Japy Script
164. Smith-Corona Sterling #5AX180041 (USA, 1963)
165. Gritzner #025822 (West Germany, 1960s) -- downstroke, non-QWERTY "legend lettering machine" for typing on blueprints
166. Olympia SM5 #2431368 (West Germany, 1965)
167. Olympia SM8 #2723758 (West Germany, 1966)
168. Gritzner #031842 (West Germany, 1967)
169. Consul 232 #7 232 452348 (Czechoslovakia, 1967) -- portable

Gone but not forgotten

1. Caligraph 2 #30345 (USA, ca. 1888) -- full non-QWERTY keyboard, understroke (read about Caligraphs here)
2. Densmore 1b (USA, 1891) -- understroke
3. Peoples (USA, 1891) -- semicircular index
4. American 2 (USA, 1890s) -- semicircular index
5. Pearl (USA, 1891) -- semicircular index
6. Odell #1b (USA, 1890s) -- linear index
7. Victor (USA, 1890s) -- daisywheel index
8. American Visible (curved) #1776 (USA, early 1890s) -- index
9. American Visible (straight), no serial number (USA, early 1890s) -- index
10. Hammond 2 (USA, 1893) -- type shuttle (read about Hammonds here)
11. The Chicago #8654 (USA, 1897) -- type cylinder (read about the Chicago here)
12. Oliver 3 #88838 (USA, 1898)
13. New Century Caligraph No. 6 #12772 (USA, ca. 1899) -- full keyboard, understroke
14. American No. 7 #16447 (USA, 1890s)-- understroke
15. Merritt #15051 (USA, ca. 1900) -- linear index
16. Lambert No. 3 #7901 (USA, 1902) -- circular keyboard, single type element (read about Lamberts here)
17. International No. 5, no serial number (USA, 1907) -- linear index
18. Remington 7 #223995 (USA, 1907) -- understroke
19. Yetman Transmitting Typewriter #1080 (USA, 1908) -- telegraphic typewriter
20. Bennett (USA, 1910) -- miniature typewriter; typewheel
21. Simplex 1911 Special #3 (USA, 1911) -- toy index, double-case (read about Simplexes here)
22. Blickensderfer 6 #162351 (USA, 1912) -- typewheel
23. Fox portable #1 #302 (USA, 1917)
24. Remington Portable No. 3 #V275177 (USA, 1929) -- two-tone green (read about this model here)
25. Underwood Noiseless 77 #736897 (USA, 1931) (read about this model here)
26. Remie Scout, double-case #S66172 (USA, 1932) (read about this model here)
27. Corona Standard #2C184108 (USA, 1935)
28. Remington 5 portable (streamlined) #V925808 (USA, 1937) (read about this model here)
29. Imperial Good Companion (England, late 1930s) -- portable
30. DM No. 3 #199200 (Germany, ca. 1939) -- portable, name variant of Olympia Progress
31. Barr #37890 (USA, late 1930s) -- portable, gray
32. Voss DeLuxe #137313 (West Germany, 1957) -- green
33. Hermes Baby #9413117 (Switzerland, ca. 1970) -- orange portable
34. Generation 3000 #05-25438 (China, 2005) -- portable (read about this typewriter on Will Davis' site)